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Kaolin spray is a pest control that has kaolin as the main ingredient. In nature, many animal species commonly take "dust baths" to rid themselves of insect parasites and prevent attacks from biting insects.〔Ebling, W. 1971. Sorptive dusts for pest control. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 16:123–158.〕 In 2000 B.C.E., ancient records in China describe the application of mineral-based dusts (e.g. diatomaceous earth) to plants to control insects.〔Allen, F. 1972. A natural earth that controls insects. Org. Gardening & Farming 19:50–56.〕 Since that time there is a long history on the use of various mineral-based preparations and some of these are still used for special purposes in agricultural pest control.〔Glenn, D., and G. J. Puterka. Particle Films: A new technology for Agriculture. Pp. 1-44. In J. Janick () HortReviews. Vol.31. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. 2005.〕 More recently, kaolin mixed with spreaders and stickers and applied to plants as a spray at 1–6% concentration in water form has been shown to be an effective approach to agricultural pest control and to protect plants from environmental stresses. Kaolin-based sprays have been studied extensively since 1999 and research has established that these sprays deposit a "particle film" that has numerous beneficial effects on plants and in insect pest control. Certain kaolin-based sprays can form a highly reflective white film over plant surfaces that is known to enhance plant photosynthesis and reduce heat stress in plants by reflecting the infra-red light spectrum which in the end improves plant yields and fruit quality in orchards,.〔Glenn, D.M., G. J. Puterka, S. Drake, T. Unruh, A. Knight, A. Baherle, E. Prado, and T. Baugher. Particle film application influences apple leaf physiology, fruit yield, and fruit quality. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 2: 175-181. 2001.〕〔Glenn, D.M., E. Prado, A. Erez, J. McFerson, and G.J. Puterka. A reflective, processed-kaolin particle film affects fruit temperature, radiation reflection, and solar injury in apple. J. Amer. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 127:188-193. 2002.〕 The kaolin barrier created by the particle film also protects the treated plant surfaces from diseases,〔Glenn, D. M., van der Zwet, T., Puterka, G., Gundrum, P., Brown. E. 2001. Efficacy of kaolin-based particle films to control apple diseases. Plant Health Progress doi: 10.1094/PHP-2001-0823-01RS. 2001.〕 and insects,.〔Puterka, G. J., and D. M. Glenn. Kaolin-Based Particle Films for Arthropod Control. pp. 2075-2080, In (J. L. Capinera, ed.) Encyclopedia of Entomology, Kluwer Academic Publishers. 2008.〕〔Puterka, G. J., D. M. Glenn, D. G. Sekutowski, T. R. Unruh, and S. K. Jones. Progress toward liquid formulations of particle films for insect and disease control in pear. Environ. Entomol. 29: 329-339. 2000.〕〔Knight, A. L., T. R.Unruh, B. A. Christianson, G. J. Puterka, and D. M. Glenn. 2000. Effects of a kaolin-based particle film on obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 93: 744-749. 2000.〕〔Unruh, T. R., A. L. Knight, J. Upton, D. M. Glenn, and G. J. Puterka. Particle films for suppression of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple and pear orchards. J. Econ. Entomol. 93: 737-743. 2000.〕〔Puterka, G. J., Reinke, M., Luvisi, D., Ciomperik, M. A., Bartels, D., Wendel, L., and Glenn, D. M. Particle film, Surround WP, effects on glassy-winged sharpshooter behavior and its utility as a barrier to sharpshooter infestations in grape. Plant Health Progress doi: 10.1094/PHP-2003-0321-01-RS. 2003.〕〔Puterka, G. J., D. M. Glenn, and R. Pluta. Action of particle films on the biology and behavior of pear psylla (Psyllidae: Homoptera). J. Econ. Entomol. 98: 2079-2088. 2005.〕 Commercial forms of kaolin-based particle films are currently used in the western United States to control pear pests and to protect apples from sunburn damage. Kaolin sprays are also used internationally for specific insect pests and sunburn problems in apples, pear, citrus, pomegranates, and vegetables. Kaolin is generally regarded as safe to humans and has long history of use in the paint, plastics, pharmaceutical and paper industry. Kaolin sprays are used for pest control and sunburn protection in both conventional and organic food production in the United States and abroad. ==See also== *Medicinal clay *Mechanical pest control 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kaolin spray」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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